La Peste

aft the ships came from the black sea they had been sailing for months his cargo was precious silks spices wheat and cotton from the east the sailors were coming home from genoa through mediterranean sea and the black sea had traded with the merchants of the

caffa desert the return trip had been a nightmare but without knowing it they took a stowaway boarded the sailors took with them a disease that has infected everyone those who spoke to them causing them death the monk in me who gives him look

the beginning of the catastrophe that was to shake europe and wrote it all only ten sailors survived of the thousand that left and when speaking venom scattered corpses they remained untouched in the houses no one dared approach people of the cities and camped in the vineyards

the great misery music shortly after the sailors will arrive in messina in southern italy the whole city had been deserted the same thing happened in the other cities of europe people died hearing the dead will be buried in layers in common pits

if anyone was left to burial bells ringing in the funerals but by not providing haddon to peal an oppressive silence floated year 347 and the disease his call to the plague was the black plague this disease came from the sea and

spread through commercial cities from venice genoa and florence the star the first plague in places as florence was to kill three quarters of the population as at least half we know that in other locations as kendrick reached 78 percent of the population is this occurred in 1348 or

thousand 349 5 and then the plague extended further north where goes out to make a paid optium limbo and that if we assume that europe had 80 millions of inhabitants then they could die 25-30 or maybe 40 million for this is a estimate that was then made where arises in the midst of death celebrates the

pope benedict decided that it is i know how many they had appeared estimated that it was about 42 million people the plague may have been right hit our ancestors during 400 years but in 1743 after a last attack on europe in the same place where it had appeared on the coast

next to the medina disappeared by then he had changed the peace of europe for 100 was controlled europe population will be more or less the civilized world cemented the controlled with iron hand silver was a catastrophe worse than war none of them had caused

so many victims and left neither survivors the plague shook society until the marrow someone ever the books of history that cities were abandoned and that the fields will remain deserts the countryside was covered of corpses

the whole world was ruled by a frightful loneliness type that people do not i knew what was going on and how believed it would be god's work to punish their sins and half be treated a solitary death giornale and until the was not just a catastrophe. for society it was also awful for those who

some of them did not come to assay among other corpses in boats and how i had an illness really is the most outrageous of death of six young people ended with lisbon internal organs was something so frightening that people must turn crazy for fear of claiming the black plague surpassed any catastrophe

known during the 400 years that hit the continent the disease was a mystery during those 400 years the europeans demanded an explanation given to show india can affect the thinking of and contribute to make i was wondering, is it happening? what sin have we committed

in medieval society god was almighty and in avignon during the first waves of plague the pope was the vicar of god and the pope i had no doubt that it was the will of god, mankind should be punished for her sins by staining iphone should ask themselves if they had done well opta socha maps and

many times that they had not sinned against the sublime god and the little created a special prayer to combat the plague m or ordained angel avenger who hold your hand so that the earth will not be deserted and lose all your servants who we pray for

humbly remove the flame from anger. the pope ordered a series of processions to beg god witnesses testify that thousands of men and women participated in she everywhere the dukes and the knights ordered the people to they left in the professions

in this way a kind of holy war against the plague but it was evident that the plague struck time and again and that the church supreme authority could not help the affected people the petrarch poet who lived at outskirts of avignon complained like that previous is hidden to our understanding

why our century has deserved such punishment the reason he took that decision is not accessible to reason human being is a mystery the need to responses and treatments grew many rejected the church and were to consult doctors the best they were in the big universities

european paris montpellier and padua hay a little girl in him were doctors authentic as we understand educated in the university in the bosom of medicine that they had studied the functioning of the body and the why of diseases if everyone like turkey although his studies are they went back to greek and roman medicine

as children forest but those doctors they were philosophers did not know the practice his tools were written books there were a thousand years and now face an unknown problem when those treatises were written they were facing a new challenge for today and the king of france consulted the best experts at the time of the

university of paris although we are based in the best ancient and in modern astronomers and doctors can not explain everything because absolute knowledge is impossible but we believe that the first cause of this plague was and is the distribution of the constellations of sky

the authors studied the movements of the planets each of them had their attributes and these attributes could lead to catastrophic consequences for the humanity doctors in paris said that everything had gone wrong three years before after an hour from noon on

march 20, 345 convergence of three planets in action and the three planets in conjunction were saturn mars and jupiter saturn and mars were evil and hostile and both mars and jupiter were hot planets that's why there was an excess of heat and evil which worsened to coincide the three in

aquarius the theory of poisoned air fit perfectly with that of god's wrath because god had created the stars that would not have been accepted at present tic but if in the century 14 who told him that he could not act on the planets but only to predict

the doctors could not do anything with the planets but believed that they could increase human resistance so that the poisoned air does not enter the man's body was constituted by four body fluids or humor is the black bile and yellow blood and phlegm both for excess and for scarcity one of them suffered

imbalance the best advice from doctors was harmonize the rumors as the square caused a great fever blame the blood and should be resorted to to indigestion those who have been infected are you should immediately practice bleeding until they become unconscious

a proper indentation causes that of do not act the bishop club of denmark was one of the doctors of the plague in his first moments wrote a book to communicate to the danes what they should do you recommended that remain cool the most affected are those who have practiced sex in excess taken

hot baths or those that have greatly angered most of his book was about how to prevent infection but recommended a treatment to burn packages deal with leaves and ground or mustard mustard thyme and banana thyme wheat mixed with breast milk

the symptoms were many and the discolored headaches and lumps big in the english behind the ears and underarm firefighters bleeding and cutting lumps that were accustomed to use of the knife and socrates call him the doctors were a high-risk group already which dealt with the victims of the plague

and many became infected memory died more doctors and clergy and others due to contact with the sick matter what doctors recommended people were still dying a bunch said about the skills medical conditions or lack thereof during the first plague may nature of the disease is incurable or perhaps

the doctors treating you do not know their cause and prescribe a remedy advisable e as time passed the plague it was raging people ended up losing faith in the church and in the medicine was needed to someone who think differently in terms

practical someone who does not philosophize people who could prepare the cities against collapse before half of the population died and the another half was terrified little little tried to create a device administrative capacity that could disease in venice created a health commission and in the archives

they retain the official documents summarize your works these documents are the result of 400 years of work against the plague laws advanced and very elaborate controls the decisions of the health commission prove that very soon without knowing for what was found out that the corpses spread the pest very quickly in

the fund industry they managed the law acted on the assumption that the disease was contagious bid in the site however the medicine of then did not explain why contagious diseases and that is why works very empirically and

syntax and that led to many places in europe will face the health authorities with physicians professionals and a day title the health commission of venice created three communities for the infected were housed on uninhabited islands in the lagoon on the outskirts of venice already the first community was for the

dead the men rowing around the city carrying the corpses of the houses abandoned to islands outside the very deep things were dug to throw the bodies into them second community was for the sick became the first hospital of europe against the plague was not expected

to come alive to those who were sent there would not survive the pest especially in that hospital full of sick the venice health commission was pioneer in the fight against the also invented the quarantine of gq gil you can summarize the entire repertoire measures against the pest in

isolation of the sick leave the others law and had to be removed from the the quarantine turned out to be the only ethical measure all other they were useless the new lazareto became the first quarantine institution of europe the health committee had checked

that the plague came on the ships foreign merchants were confined and monitored here by armed guards if only one crew member fell ill all the crew was sent to the pest hospital the authorities did not take any risks the foreigner was suspicious

the authorities seemed to guess isolating the sick and the suspects by preventing them from spread the disease but people he took his own measures had ideas secret about what had to be to do with the disease clic click fits well to people or changes the way people

fought against this disease and other to assume that all strangers people or animals were sick to me of pests that went from city to city increasing the number of infected cup me pilla pilla ops we have different information that this happened in northern europe there are many stories this class the psoe

follow the march and get the maximum score once a boy and a girl lost their parents because of the plague were farm on farm asking to eat a peasants decided on food and they were going to take it in a strip that they had just dug without suspect nothing they went there to eat then the

peasants began to fill the strip while the boy yelled at them why chase earth to my food building hope we could not believe it when i read for the first time and it did not appear winds but we have testimonies about people who were buried alive to prevent the spread of the pest

more or enric sanz see information of a child who was buried alive during the plague and asks what would happen what to do with those who committed such act (applause] history seems incredible to us throne then when the burials in life were the death penalty 1 of

june of the year 499 was judged maid wilda had admitted that he had stolen a peasant and did not deny who had also burned his farm also stated that in case of free that maria the city of visby as well that was buried alive rest in peace for my football and the people went crazy in the face of catastrophes

how are you in china is not it strange because a similar madness occurs in a location the madness continued during the 400 years of the black death without however, the conditions thanks to the quarantine but no one knew what the pest or where it came from at the end

it ended up spreading passed 150 years after its disappearance until a scientific explanation one day in 1894 a young scientist came to hong kong was called alexander yakushin and had gone to study a bacteria after the appearance of a dangerous bubonic plague in the

british colony see if you did not hesitate he had found the bacteria that caused the black plague wrote so enthusiast to his mother and his discovery was published in a scientific magazine the current bubonic plague presents same symptoms as the plague that reduced drastically the population of the

western europe a few more years late sheen seemed to identify also the propagating vehicle of the black rats science had discovered that the fleas they carried on the skin were carriers of the bacterium now decided to open the races and climb in the poor and southern

when your fleas die they become environment here their can not survive eating dead organisms and searching others new to feed if someone passes through the disease extends the discovery of the cause had serious consequences the belief that it was the same disease that caused the plague

european union, it was invested enormous sums in the investigation of bubonic plague disease only known in countries other than europe like india and china but this comparison between the bubonic plague of india and china with the european plague feel ingenious once the unicaja is not dangerous in the

indian if the one who has bad luck of transmitting or absorbing but european disease and was enormously contagious from your pass the bubonic plague of india was never as deadly as the black plague that the european mortality rate oscillated between 10 and 60 or 70 per cent while in india always

was below 1% knew if there is a difference between the two modalities can only have one cause and i played more contagios to europe than which was in india ficci many researchers believe today that it was a disease completely different since there is no evidence of that out of the plague

previous biologist and zoologist professor of a london university is withdrawn even though it continues visiting his old work center when he published his book on plague black in the mid 80s i knew what i expected in silent house made this book public will attract on the day are black white

for the square is the artillery antiaircraft graham tweet's 1975 book challenge frontally to the concept established that it had the disease or create graham is undoubtedly the father of the idea or that the plague bubonic aea taccetti puts was not responsible for

the black plague the book refuted the idea that disease had been extended by black rats is oit bike deny the presence of mount everest as if not i was there reconsidering the causes of silver was almost equivalent but it must be borne in mind that bubonic plague was very good

documented to the scientific world received the book with indifference or rejection to you and advised the historians who will review old concepts that were about of the disease but they did not have why do you think the book itself english historians ignored him american historians more or

the less they made me hard but they did not give a situation of the council and with 60 was a good idea of ​​circe was because nobody liked to change the idea that was had the black plague it was ten years before others researchers and biologists european historians will face seriously to scientists to them

there is that neither i see no indication of the single disease of races in the europe medieval debt and the lord can to have existed but where are the testing samuel com has read more than 40,000 european archival documents chronic statistics estates newspapers and other medieval writings

has been able to find diseases transmitted by rats for that reason it proposes a theory of why remained that idea there is a whole mythology that has developed people needed to find a culprit for this great mortality has come for this, a probable suspicion of this human suspicion

dance as if it were a massacre carried out by police on the site where the years that nation and sexy nicolini other researchers who have recently studied the archives europeans have the slightest doubt that ancient theory that the rats were the carriers of the disease is completely wrong on those courts

steps to follow when this was questioned for the first time 54 years ago he checked that he had put his finger on a weak point and that it was incomprehensible that for 100 years would have accepted a diagnosis that obviously i was wrong china now he's with had been a symptom in particular

that made science link the indian and chinese disease with plague the bourbon a swelling medieval testimonies associate with frequently chocolates with the the pictures of san roque pattern of the illness showed him with a boom in the thigh looked like the players of the modern bubonic plague

so it seems logical that medicine considers that the disease was in the same these bulges appear in the works done by scholars doctors and historians who have defined the bubonic plague along of history and sixth in which historians rely on an argument

very rare is the symptomatology and in particular the sign of the plague the bous but samuel com points out that these symptoms are far from being 7 september throughout the 17th century we find descriptions and descriptions increase from chroniclers how to better carry bush

who say that not only does a but that it extends all over the body and that the most deadly form of the plague are the pustules that appear all over the body ends up innovating and the deadly jugones begin to spread and soon cover the whole body. then the disease changes

black and blue spots appear on the arms on thighs and elsewhere one of the symptoms by which medical fields indicated the yesterday was the appearance of access hemorrhagic and match point when you observed these symptomatology was absolutely sure that they left 2006 and another around

exp. the bubonic plague in india and china a late 19th century has been one of the best studied for medicine that's why we are safe that differences with symptoms of medieval disease are very clear or a and in pay thinking only a 5 per cent of fatal cases of

victims developed more than one jug between 60 and 70% of the jokers came out in the groin these last two did not occur in the black plague took me when the plague bubonic appeared in bombay in 1896 3752 patients were examined only in very few cases showed other

signs apart from the swelling was clear for a group of bombay that there was another big difference according to an official report we do not believe that the bubonic plague is contagious none of the 400 people who visited the sick were infected there are no cases of

infected person this is very different from the plague in which it was clear that the contagion was from person to person but this difference was forgotten and the theory of rats and plague in the public in schools and universities. researchers until one day in 1984

there are many of these issues arose audacious calling plan as students that they asked me that question how it is possible that this disease is meaning you could have both success causing the plague in europe the league discovered the afternoon booty-sanz psoe the answer that you graham and gave

this student was very disturbing there was something that did not marry showed that the most of the evidence points to the this or category keyboards is now very abundant in the ranges of brittany germany denmark and other countries was very unlikely the black race would not have survived to large extents of europe and there was no

enough to trigger the epidemic and then to chao so that you can trigger an epidemic like that of the black plague not only a few cases but a real epidemic is needs a temperature of more than 20 degrees celsius for several months to the bottom and i do not think that will happen in north of europe york

the weather no longer favored the rat black or flea science had overlooked another detail more return to occur in this colder war in the moment beyond the last thousand years when the beach was established europe was in the middle of the call small ice age the rivers were freezing the weather

made it impossible for rats blacks survived did not agree to bayreuth in northern europe we found a fight that took place throughout the year in areas where it would have been impossible for the plague bubonic will infect the fleas of male rats and much less give place to an epidemic or things when the

twitter book appeared in the middle of the eighties there was a good reason to review what happened but not was the case and the school axis to chinchilla and is not nice that when something we look like to understand well becomes false we are going to abandon a knowledge and we arrived safely and open a large

question and its steps but graciã¡n tweak made a big mistake when presented his research to anyone at the end of the book have a few words really a suggestion that were rare could be an alternative football 11 am 5,9 there are many similarities between the spear of the people even in modern times

i am had difficulty distinguishing both institutions a lot of money and 6 3 ruiz is an expert on rats is not your disease anthrax was easy to combat and gave him to its critics the opportunity to reject the whole book i think that bad does not play what every one will think about the idea but

i had not heard that would have given rise to a letter of debate side to another commenting the evidence but there was none of that are just a amazing suns silence was a transvestite of justice more is very unlucky fought in a solitary battle the degrading research and demonstrated

that the black rat could not have black plague spread across europe evidence proved it instead of that said that the disease was spread from person to person and not from means of fleas and rats but science he clung to that theory said they would be other fleas and other rats but even this latter theory

was facing another big problem the speed of propagation of the pest the plague was a surprise attack on europe only took three years to pass from the south to the north to a colossal speed crisis is not the way more accurate to explain it is to suppose that people spread it from person to person

but when the bubonic plague attacked hong kong in 1894 took forty years in traveling a few thousand kilometers the modern bubonic plague show the same low speed in all places where they are presented police spirit the bubonic plague of africa won it 20 kilometers by

year if we had black death it was between 2 and 8 kilometers the important characteristics of the peste the speed and the model of performance do not signal the rats in addition, the latest research based on a key fact most of the history of the plague are stored in the archives

europeans still have new keys to discover plague is like a crime the clues on the crime scene are important but are still more the ones that remain to be discovered let's see how a plague spreads. modern have sittã³n term extends bacteria that live off the rodents to bass and choirs and although

we still do not know how they get to the rats the rats die if the disease spreads by their fleas of rats live close to people and hungry can not survive eating dead organisms and looking for others live to feed themselves because if someone goes through the disease extends for as long as it is sought not

are these rats for any there is no mention of the thousands of races that should have died if the bubonic plague had been the plague of the middle ages it's as if they've passed unnoticed or had not existed never and i'm ready the argument main role that both the

historians who defend the theory of the bubonic plague to use is that not there are reports of dead rats there were no such rats during those 400 years of european history is clear in the letters that are sent from the monasteries to rome in those who talked about the plague did not they mention dead rats for any

part. there is no doubt that the plague is extended from person to person and not to through these rodents but the rats dead and if they appear frequently in india and in china the model is clear before the disease attacks the people appear dead rats and

hundreds of thousands the model is so obvious that people has learned to react the rats are a warning people flee to ships to avoid infection we might wonder if plague bubble could be extended without help of many rats and are moments is fundamental support for the chilean

of the epidemic of the race as his subsequent death to me that i did not i called the defenders of the theory of the rat say that today silver pneumonic exists is also a plague which extends from person to person but only developed after a bubonic plague and for

consequence after the death of the rats bis the case a the beginning one person suffering from bubonic plague and develops a pest by means of a lung infection then the contagion will occur by means of liquids or know therefore will be extremely deadly and very infectious but although it is one of the

more infectious diseases is known in europe is very serious because it dies 48 hours after you have contracted a strange plague of pneumonia struck manchuria in 1921 but here the mortality was also small. pest did not get very far researchers have discovered new ways of solving the

plague puzzles have examined the dna of the victims' teeth buried try to find bacteria a group of french researchers believes he has discovered one of the keys more march 6 says to have found adn or traces of dna in the teeth two climbs from montpellier but this discovery has not been

confirmed by any scientist of linosa part of the euro audio the french method is complicated and has researchers detractors danish and english have sought the same bacteria without finding it and although you will find the mystery still without solve like a strange bacteria that has not caused massive deaths during

more than 100 years gave rise to the epidemic of european history biologist graham tweet was one of the first to find the answer was simple and logical was not a bacterium what killed so many people and now 50 years later other biologists have reached the same conclusion peã±ascal about ten years ago with susan that court

i was doing the studies between but a small number of northwestern city of england china that corner, 597 thousand 598 inhabitants suffered a plague that is very well documented it is obvious that for me as only goal it was not a bubonic plague endorsed by everyone believed in its time is obvious to

it is clear that biology and details of the plague did not fit those of a bubonic plague bike christopher duncan made the discovery when with his colleague susana scott studied the records of churches in a number of parishes english birds affected by the plague when you study those wonderful

sources you can live very epidemic that particularly affects the first part shows the first person dying in the community and then to the next when you see this string of people together can see how infection of the first person infected to the first family after

in the next family and so on successively with time a model emerges behavior and that model indicates the of a long period of time. infection until death occurs in 37 days once observed this cycle is observed the same in all the subjects of the study a infectious disease goes from person to person

[000394] person there is nothing to do with rats or fleas it is not just an illness infectious this systematic review of the english church records led to a new and decisive theory about the nature of the common disease is invites 15 countries

we had to determine that the incubation was a long time more than 35 days after work with the data and arrived at the conclusion that it was a period of 36 days from infection to the susan scott and christopher duncan explain a continuation as the plague could be extended so quickly

long incubation period between the infection and the manifestation of disease was decisive this disease is a single disease its 37-day period consists of about ten or twelve days of latency during them the person develops the disease and no date yet i have a following then a

period from 20 to 22 days period infectious but a period without partners or muhaahid who after have passed five days in which the symptoms appear and the patient dies at other people the nurse only lasts five days fear would be a mere person was infected her good three weeks

in the days when transport was very primitive for the disease to be extended a certain distance it will take a long time for reach the town town next to 11 is strong is the weapon of the pest or the long period of time between the infection and the appearance of

symptoms have to be done in your meanwhile there was plenty of time for people and infecting others and move around its surroundings there are new take the infection further the 37 days were the key to to combat the disease through quarantine authorities had decided that the

people should spend 40 days in a quarantine station on the outskirts of venice the word quarantine comes of 40 in italian it seems obvious that the authorities the medievals soon discovered the model of disease performance and based on their measurements plus discovered by test and rice should

discover that if no one showed the symptoms for 40 days since the last person had dead were sure that they discovered that after 40 days the disease disappeared from the community to always at least until the next plan the 40 days of the quarantine are adjusted very well to a disease that is

manifests 37 days after the infection quarantine was the vital key to stop the spread of the plague but duncan believes there is another reason for which the epidemic disappeared eye eye that life of york or the population of europe subject to successive waves of latex that for 300 years developed

immunity to disease probably a large part of them were made resistant to the test because inherited a mechanism by which the disease could not enter with effectiveness in your body to your thesis i think this was one of the reasons of disappearance there are zinc the number of people

susceptible to the disease that had substantially reduced sã¡nchez llibre james the documentary sources of that also tell us that there were indications that resistance population after 40 years of plague the doctor of pope raimundo de almeida

and barius wrote in 1348 two thirds parts of the population were infected and almost all died in 1,381 half were infected and few survived in 1371 the tenth part contracted the disease and much survived in 1382 only a few few became ill and most survived

the latest research offers a new vision of the nature of disease that killed millions of europeans these investigations support man which for the first time questioned the cause of the epidemic a good fitch mail side and now cloud unlike what happened in the year and a half that people now

is recessive and that's fine that finally there is more debate after all, hit more countries if researchers 350 years later of the disappearance of the disease still trying to solve the mystery is partly due to the fact that the catastrophe change to europe forever was the biggest democracy factor during

more than 300 years today controlled the population of europe was more or less the western civilized world in the hands of yahoo or rest soon as the partnership started a recovery has not said enough people for another epidemic in that way, europe could only grow a very cute little boy

dissolves it is important to discover the truth to know whether the measures taken to fighting the plague were futile or were successful visit efe if we want to know if the disappearance of the disease was due to human intervention or the result of

luck we need to know if the transmission is he gave doubts and rats infected was transmitted between person i think it is that the european system of to separate the sick from the healthy and only makes sense if contagion is from person to person the black plague disappeared after

to have championed for 400 years but remains one of the great mysteries of history many researchers believe that the authorities were successful in controlling the disease in every ten cars all protection measures consisting of in limiting contact with the sick if you have and who gets this is something

common to all rules and regulations laws promulgated since the 14th century and 26.sep.02 this wall located in the south of france could be a good indication that the disease spreads between people and that he was moving with the movements of the people was built during an epidemic in

1721 those who built it proved that their efforts were fruitful end the plague did not spread any more beyond the north of pre-sale already dedicate to that i think it's important confirm that it was an idea aimed at this line because it would be the intervention by the state in favor of health of the people knitting a little

that is why we have coined the expression public health to failure that girl by which we must obey common rules will be that it limits our behavior the black plague changed europe to forced to fight against it and prevent the disaster for example the world of the plague perhaps the current effectiveness was the

that made the plague disappear it is not known with certainty the nature of the disease or where they came from but christopher duncan loves it their opinion to the law and without machetes 6 i think it was an emerging disease which originated among mammals africans and then went on to

human beings and became directly into an illness contagious thesis plus most of the terrible diseases like ebola flu will originate from this we call them young, but we i think it originated like this probably in the rift valley near you or your aunt and then traveled on the nile and

originally transmitted by boat to through the mediterranean as death from the east even to me but to spread through all europe but its author christopher duncan theory is not the last one that probably we will listen to other researchers suggest that there could be several

diseases that struck europe during the 400 years of the plague but in all probability there is a to which we can absorb the small rats that were declared guilty of the catastrophe that occurred in europe hundred years ago we must find a new and better [000409] name

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